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| IMAGES AND VIDEOS |
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| Year : 2022 | Volume
: 11
| Issue : 3 | Page : 241-242 |
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EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging (with video)
Takashi Tamura, Masayuki Kitano, Keiichi Hatamaru
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| Date of Submission | 19-Apr-2021 |
| Date of Acceptance | 23-Sep-2021 |
| Date of Web Publication | 25-Jan-2022 |
Correspondence Address:
Masayuki Kitano
Second Department of Internal Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama City, Wakayama 641-8509
Japan
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/EUS-D-21-00107
How to cite this article:
Tamura T, Kitano M, Hatamaru K. EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging (with video). Endosc Ultrasound 2022;11:241-2 |
How to cite this URL:
Tamura T, Kitano M, Hatamaru K. EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging (with video). Endosc Ultrasound [serial online] 2022 [cited 2022 Jul 2];11:241-2. Available from: http://www.eusjournal.com/text.asp?2022/11/3/241/336597 |
EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is useful for biliary drainage in patients in whom ERCP fails. In performing EUS-HGS, it is important to detect a dilated intrahepatic bile duct (IHBD). However, it may be difficult to detect the IHBD in patients who have bile duct filled with sludge.
Contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging (CHI) has been reported to be useful in determining the borderline between the fluid space and tissue.[1],[2],[3],[4] This report describes the usefulness of EUS-HGS with CHI (EUS-HGS-CHI) for the identification of otherwise difficult to detect IHBD [Video 1 [Additional file 1]].
The left hepatic lobe was viewed under fundamental B-mode EUS (FB-EUS). If FB-EUS failed to detect clearly the dilated IHBD [Figure 1]a, we used CHI. The monitor was changed to CHI mode. Bolus intravenous administration of Sonazoid enhanced the liver parenchyma but not debris, increasing the contrast between the fluid space in the IHBD and the hepatic parenchyma, which made it easy to puncture the IHBD [Figure 1]b. We punctured the IHBD with a 19-G EUS-FNA needle under CHI and confirmed access to the bile duct after aspiration of bile and injection of contrast medium into the IHBD. After insertion of a 0.025-inch guidewire through the needle into the bile duct, we dilated the puncture site in the gastric wall using a 4-mm balloon dilation catheter and finally deployed a covered metal stent (10 mm × 10 cm, Niti-S Biliary Cover Stent; Taewoong Medical, Seoul, S. Korea) between the IHBD and the gastric wall. | Figure 1: EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging. (a) Fundamental B-mode EUS imaging showing the left hepatic lobe. The dilated intrahepatic bile duct was unclear. (b) Contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS after a bolus injection of ultrasound contrast agent, showing enhancement of the liver parenchyma, but not of debris, as well as a clearly visible dilated intrahepatic bile duct
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CH-EUS is superior to FB-EUS in detecting dilated IHBD filled with debris. Under FB-EUS, debris and liver parenchyma appear isoechoic. However, under CH-EUS, the hepatic parenchyma is enhanced because the Sonazoid are phagocytosed by Kupffer cells in the liver, whereas the bile ducts are not enhanced because of the absence of Kupffer cells.[5] Therefore, intrahepatic bile ducts with debris can be detected more easily under CH-EUS than under FB-EUS.
In conclusion, CHI can play an important role in identifying targeted IHBDs that are difficult to detect by fundamental B-mode imaging during EUS-HGS.
Financial support and sponsorship
Nil.
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
| References | |  |
| 1. | Kamata K, Takenaka M, Kitano M, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions. Dig Endosc 2018;30:98-106.  |
| 2. | Tamura T, Kitano M, Kawai M , et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage of a postoperative pancreatic fistula. Endoscopy 2020;52:E174-5. |
| 3. | Tamura T, Yamashita Y, Kawaji Y, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration with contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging for diagnosis of gallbladder tumor (with video). J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Sci 2021;28:e1-3. |
| 4. | Minaga K, Kitano M, Yoshikawa T, et al. Hepaticogastrostomy guided by real-time contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography: A novel technique. Endoscopy 2016;48 Suppl 1:E228-9. |
| 5. | Park HS, Kim YJ, Yu MH, et al. Real-time contrast-enhanced sonographically guided biopsy or radiofrequency ablation of focal liver lesions using perflurobutane microbubbles (sonazoid): Value of Kupffer-phase imaging. J Ultrasound Med 2015;34:411-21. |
[Figure 1]
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